Showing posts with label Mapungubwe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mapungubwe. Show all posts

Saturday, March 21, 2015

The Vredefort Impact Dome

We visited our last UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa, the Vredefort Impact Dome, the site of the biggest meteorite impact that geologists have yet found on earth. (SA's other World Heritage Sites are Robben IslandiSimangaliso Wetland Park, the Cradle of Humankind, uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park, Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, the Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape and the Cape Floral Region.)

World Heritage Sites are designated for a variety of reasons. Cultural significance. The site of significant historic events. Scientific importance. The UNESCO World Heritage committee gave three reasons why Vredefort was considered worthy of its designation. First, for the preservation of the unique geology due to the meteor impact and its affect on the surrounding area. Second, the fact that the rings marking the impact are still visible for viewing and third, that it is located in a safe and quiet area which provides enjoyment for visitors.

the Eiffel Tower in Parys
The gateway to the Vredefort Dome area is Parys. On the banks of the Vaal River, Parys has a very relaxed riverside feel. The small town is filled with art galleries and antique shops and is known as a purveyor of Afrikaans culture and food.

We stopped at the information center to get the lay of the land and contact information for a local guide to take us to the Vredefort Dome. We were given Christo's name and contact information. Christo owns a 200 hectare farm within the World Heritage Site. His farm near Parys has the distinction of containing a high point where you can see the rings of the impact crater. (His contact number is 083 406 0841.)
Christo's farm is also home to the Kopieskrall Country Lodge and that is where we met him to drop of our car and start our tour.














close up of the black veins


Make a right at the granite slab.

Vredefort granophyre and pseudotachylite are the names given to the black crystallized impact melt-rock that flowed into the cracks of the granite. They contain broken pieces from many rock types as well as very small chemical traces of the meteorite that caused the impact.











blesbok

Most of the World Heritage Site is privately owned by individual farms and families.
"Hey, a farm dog!"











We brought Lou & Serge with us and they immediately made friends with Christo's dog Milo.









Christo and Vince and the 40 year old Landcruiser

back of the bakkie with Lou & Serge for an African massage

First, Christo gave us some history in the lapa before heading up to the view site

ready for the ride to the top!

inside the ancient kraal
On the top of the ridge is an old abandoned Tswana kraal. The former inhabitants were chased into what is now Botswana by Shaka during his conquest across southern Africa to unite the tribes.

We took our sons to visit USA's Meteor Crater in Arizona once so I thought I was prepared for what we were about to see. But the numbers make it impossible to recreate an image in a photograph that would convey the impact of the meteor on the landscape. The meteor is estimated to have been between 10 and 15 kms in diameter and upon impact - traveling at an estimated 10 kms per second - with the earth, it made a crater that was more than 300 kms in diameter!

It was nearly twice as big as the impact that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Besides being the biggest impact crater, Vredefort is also the oldest impact event. The meteor impact happened some 2023 million years ago at a time when there were no people nor animals and plants like the ones we see today. Probably the only thing living at the time of the impact were single-celled organisms. And curiously, scientists speculate that the incident may have increased the planet's oxygen level's to the point of making life possible.

The Vredefort Dome is only the central part of the impact crater. It was called a dome because the rock layers were bent into the shape of an upside-down bowl 90 kms across by the impact.


Today the edges of the Vredefort Dome are exposed in several rings which can been seen from the top of Christo's hill.



Probably the biggest effect the meteor impact had on the area though concerns the accessibility of the gold in the Witwatersrand. Gold sediment originally lie buried deep on the bottom of the ridge. But when the meteor hit, it caused the Wits gold layer to tilt and reach the surface. It is possible that if it had not been for the Vredefort impact, the gold of Johannesburg would never have been discovered.
All over the floor of the impact area you can also see a number of outcroppings of Parys granite, a rare pink granite that was mined in the last century.

"Enough of the African massage. We want to ride up front on the way back!"

Tuesday, January 7, 2014

Sunrise in Zimbabwe / Sunset in Botswana / Rainbow in South Africa

Mapungubwe National Park has a unique location. It borders the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers and the countries of Botswana and Zimbabwe.




In fact, from Mapungubwe you can see the sun rise over Zimbabwe,






the sun set over Botswana,












and if you're lucky like we were, you can see a double rainbow over South Africa!

Monday, January 6, 2014

National Park Lodges

Grand Teton NP


Vince and I have taken many vacations in the National Parks of the United States. We love them! We have literally visited hundreds of national park preserves, historic parks, national monuments, seashores and forests.










Jill, Alex and Nick at Dinosaurs National Park


Our sons became Junior Rangers in twenty or so National Parks from the time they were about 5 and 7 years old until they aged out at 12 or 13.



 


The Great Smoky Mountains NP


It was a great way for them to learn about United States geography and history, to begin to appreciate the natural world and to reinforce good conservation practices.

We were lucky to be able to share so many of them with our sons in relative privacy too. Alex and Nick went to a private school in NJ whose spring breaks were usually the middle two weeks of March which meant that they never overlapped the crowded Easter week break. And their summer break began the first week in June giving us a 2 to 3 week head start on public school summer vacations. We took advantage of it. We were usually the only family in the parks with school-age children when we went!


lava rock fireplace @ Volcano House
 

But we are not campers. We preferred to stay in one of the National Park System's historic landmark lodges and cabins.

But they are very reasonably priced and therefore very popular. Even with the advantage of our off-peak school breaks, sometimes we would have to wait for up to two years to get a reservation at a National Park lodge or cabin in some of the more popular parks. They are the crown jewels of the National Park System and just like camping, they allow you unprecedented access to the Park outside of opening hours. But they are much more comfy.

Like the Ahwahnee in Yosemite where along with the other beautiful amenities of this grand lodge, you can take part in old-fashioned evening fireside gatherings in front of the huge river rock fireplace and  Yosemite storytelling around the campfire after dark or take snowshoe hikes in the winter moonlight.
The Old Faithful Inn & Old Faithful

National Park Lodges are usually set in a prime location within the park too. Like Volcano House in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park where your room overlooks the edge of the still active Kilauea Volcano. Or the Jenny Lake Lodge with a view of the reflection of the Grand Tetons in the lake. Or Bryce Canyon Lodge on the edge of the hoodoo amphitheater. Or El Tovar right on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. Or Yellowstone's Old Faithful Inn where you can actually feel the geyser spray from a bench in front. Or the Many Glacier Hotel with panoramic views from every window of the surrounding glacial lakes and peaks of Glacier National Park.


Crater Lake NP


Or Crater Lake Lodge where you can watch the sun rise over the lake from a rocking chair on the porch.

Sometimes it was an adventure just getting there. Like taking a helicopter to the bottom of the Grand Canyon to stay at the Phantom Ranch or flying in by seaplane to Alaska's Katmai National Park and Brooks Lodge or motoring by boat to an island to reach Voyageurs' Kettle Falls Hotel.

Now that we are living in South Africa, I am happy that I brought with me some eye witness appreciation of the majesty of the United States National Park System. It would be so easy to be blown away by the diversity and uniqueness of the landscape and history of South Africa. But I can appreciate South Africa's beauty and majesty with the full knowledge that the United States is a really cool and breathtakingly beautiful place to live too.

Baobab in Mapungubwe NP
There are only 21 National Parks in South Africa, a number befitting a country as young as it is. We have only been to a few of them and I hope to visit many if not all of them someday. And just like the US system, SANParks celebrates representative landscapes and natural landmarks such as the Kalahari Desert in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park or the grasslands of the Karoo or Table Mountain on the Cape Peninsula. They recognize the treasures of the local flora like Namaqua NP and the famous fauna like Addo Elephant NP. They make available to the public the rich history of South Africa like the archaeological treasures in Mapungubwe NP. Or they do all of the above, like the vast and rich multi-layered Kruger NP.

Up until our recent visit to Mapungunwe, we had either stayed off-site and experienced South Africa's National Parks as day visitors or we stayed in private lodges and hotels inside the parks. Our first National Park Lodge in South Africa was the Leokwe Rest Camp right smack in the center of Mapungubwe National Park.


The architecture of Leokwe blends perfectly with its surroundings. There are single bedroom cottages for two people and family cottages with two bedrooms.

The camp is self-catering but since we were driving up from Joburg in a rented 4 by 4 truck, this was not a problem. Vince and I have become quite adept at requisitioning for self-catered holidays after years of practice from family ski and sailing vacations. We've got it down to a science.








There was a braai of course and a big walled patio to keep out the animals.


There was an adequate kitchen and an open dining room and living room combination.


There was an air-conditioned "Hollywood-style" bedroom. Two single beds like an old episode of I Love Lucy,


A big bathroom with ...












an outdoor shower. No bathtub, but this was the bush, remember?



A thatched roof and a ceiling fan


Vince doing what he does best out on the patio.



I set the table!


Enjoying an alfresco camp dinner.


There was a pretty nice pool and a boma over by the reception camp. They probably had evening activities and stuff but we didn't take advantage of them.















We did take advantage of the pool though! Refreshing after a walking safari.















The best part of staying at Leokwe is that you are right in the middle of the action. We saw plenty just on the short drive back and forth to the Main Gate to meet our guides for game drives and walks.

Hello friend!



A confluence of rivers and countries


Along the northern edge of Mapungubwe National Park you will find the confluence of two rivers, the mighty Limpopo and the Shashe River. You will also find the spot where South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe meet.

The river in the foreground is the Limpopo. The river in the back is the Shashe. The green land behind the Shashe is Zimbabwe. The spit of land between the Limpopo and the Shashe is Botswana and the foreground is South Africa!


There is the confluence in the center.









A close-up of the confluence.












And in the Confluence Viewpoint's parking lot, an awesome picnic site under the baobabs.












So we picnicked!

















And for the table, a  little wildflower tussy mussy bouquet.